pdf_gross.gifLTE - Signaling & Layer 1 Design

backtotop.gifTraining Course Description

Course Description
  • The course explains not only the concepts of LTE's Layer 1 but also demonstrates how the higher layer are built on top of the physical layer.
  • We describe the behavior of higher layers (e.g. RLC/MAC, RRC and NAS and above) which are in one way or the other similar to EGPRS, HSPA and HSPA+. However, LTE's new Layer 1 concept allows to simply higher layers, particular RLC and RRC.
  • The 1st chapter states the key concepts of LTE which are summarized as PS-Domain only, Hard Handover only (no RNC), OFDMA with Frequency Domain Scheduling, fast layer 1 resource allocation with HARQ, support of various MIMO modes (Transmit Diversity, Beamforming, Spatial Multiplexing and Multi-User MIMO), new evolved Core-network and above all an All IP network architecture with End-to-End QoS enforcement.
  • At the end of chapter 1 we show how the UE attaches in LTE and gets it IP-address or IP-addresses immediately allocated <=> Default EPS Bearer activation as network initiated procedure.
  • The 2nd chapter is all about MIMO and how the various Transmission Modes get configured and reconfigured using RRC. We explain the differences between downlink control information (DCI) and Transmission Mode (tm) and the fact that Transmit Diversity is an inherent fallback for all MIMO modes.
  • We teach the relation ship between downlink SINR to CQI(s), Rank Indication and Precoding Matrix derivation.
  • Special emphasis is put on the transmission 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 which are related to SFBC (Transmit Diversity), Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing, Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing, Multi-User MIMO and UE specific Reference Signal (Single Layer beamforming).
  • All UE categories support all MIMO modes (tm 1 to tm 6) except Spatial Multiplexing (tm 3, tm 4) and Beamforming using Transmission Mode 7 and higher (enhanced Dual Layer Transmission).
  • In chapter 2 we also lay the foundation of LTE's time-frequency grid and dive into the details of OFDMA design as well the uplink Single Carrier Concept with its advantage of lower PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) compared to ordinary OFDM.
  • The 3rd chapter explains UE's sensitivity requirements in LTE and dives then into the time-frequency grid of all physical control and data bearing channels.
  • We explain the allocation of cell-specific and UE-specifc Reference Signals in a Resource Block for uplink and downlink and guide the student to the calculation of llevel-based RSRP and quality-based RSRQ measurements
  • Further we show the peculiar design and use cases of Chadoff-Zhu sequences being used e.g. for Primary Synchronization Signals, uplink Sounding Reference Signals and Random Access Preambles.
  • Special focus is put on the design of the uplink PUCCH which is used as a combined control channel by any other UE's as well for periodical reporting of CQI, PMI and RI but also Ack/Nack reporting and Scheduing Request.
  • At the end of the chapter 3 we give the user an deep insight to LTE's layer procedures like Cell Search, Random Access, uplink Power Control, and Timing Advance.
  • In chapter 4 we describe how RRC configures and reconfigures the lower layers in UE including the physical layer using RRC Connection Setup and RRC Connection Reconfiguration message.
  • Quite some time is dedicated to Multi-RAT aspects of LTE and measurements of other RAT's using Measurement Gaps.
  • We also highlight UE's Feature Group Indicator List which allows early UE implementation without waiting for proper Interoperability tests with E-UTRAN
  • Radio Link Failure and RLC unrecoverable error are explained in order to provide a good understanding how the UE drops in LTE.
  • For Operators OPEX saving LTE enforces that UE's in the field can be used for drive test minimization when doing Automatic Neighbor Reporting (LTE and Other RAT neighbors).
  • At the end of the chapter we highlight LTE's fast Hard Handover performance.
  • In the 5th chapter we look into the features of MAC, RLC and PDCP. We explain how the MAC-, RLC- and PDCP-header looks like with various Control fields and particular how Logical Channel multiplexing is realized by MAC.
  • We explain particular MAC procedures like short/long DRX-cylce's, Semi-persistent Scheduling and Buffer Status Reporting.
  • The RLC supports flexible PDU-size with Resegmentation in case of RLC-Acknowledged mode
  • The PDCP-header compression for VoIP is explained in order to make the Voice over LTE efficient as particular RTP/UDP/IPv6 represent quite an overhead compared compared to AMR 12.2 kbit/s.
  • The 6th and final chapter shows the difference between Frame Structure Type 1 and 2 (TDD) and particiular highlights the changes in Layer 1, HARQ and MAC. Higher layers are not affected by TDD operation.

As in all our training courses, we integrated several interactive exercises for a perfect learning experience.

backtotop.gifSome of your questions that will be answered

  • What are the bandwidths needs of various UE categories to support the max throughput?
  • How is the UE able and how is it commanded to read Cell-ID's (Cell Global Identities) in UMTS, GSM and LTE as part of the ANR feature set of LTE?
  • What are the new bands and required bandwidths for each band the UE's need to support?
  • What are the new Physical and Transport Channels in LTE and how are new physical (reference) signals being used?
  • What are the new signaling nodes and interfaces the E-UTRAN and EPC consists of ?
  • How are the EPS-Bearers mapped on Data Radio Bearers and how are these mapped onto Logical Channels?
  • What Downlink Control Information are used for System Information Transfer, Paging and Random Access Response?
  • What are the DCI's for supporting the various MIMO respectively downlink Transmission Modes
  • With what Reporting Mode should the UE report 2 x CQI's and when should it report Rank Indication and Precoding Matrix Indication?
  • What are the differences between periodical reporting using PUCCH and aperiodic reporting using PUSCH?
  • How does the Sampling Clock of 30.72 MHz relate to 15 kHz subcarrier spacing with 20 MHz bandwidth how do lower bandwidths of 15 MHz, 10 MHz, 5 MHz, 3 MHz and 1.4 MHz go along with lower sampling frequencies?
  • What is the gain of SC-FDMA in uplink compared to pure OFDM in downlink?
  • Can the fundamental Resource Block in LTE support an voice call using AMR-codec?

backtotop.gifWho should attend this class?

  • Test engineers who need to understand the details of the LTE Layer 1 implementation.
  • Design staff of handsets and E-UTRAN who require a deep inside view of the LTE physical layer performance.

backtotop.gifPre-Requisites

  • The participant must have already good experience in Mobile Networks and a deep understanding of wireless communications like GSM or UMTS or other systems e.g. CDMA..

backtotop.gifTraining Course Target

  • The student is enabled to understand the concepts of the LTE's physical layer procedures.
  • The student is able to develop and to test Layer 1 MIMO features like SFBC, large Cyclic Delay Diversity or Closed Spatial Multiplexing with Beamforming.
  • The student will be enabled to effectively communicate Layer 1 Design Issues to his/her peers.

backtotop.gifTraining Course Duration

  • 3 days

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