FRMCS – Details of the Core Network

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duration: 2 days or 4 x 1/2 days

Methodology: webinar or onsite



Table of Contents:


Part 1: Warming up: FRMCS & 5G


  • Architecture of the FRMCS: RAN, 5GC, IMS
  • Why FRMCS? sunset of GSM-R, spectral efficiency, softwarization ...
  • From GSM-R to NR: What is new with LTE and NR? services, technology, example: network slicing
  • Some look into 5G radio: OFDMA based PHY, NSA vs SA, beamforming, numerologies, enhancements compared to LTE
  • Mission Critical Services of the FRMCS (MCX): MCPTT, MCVideo, MCData

Part 2: Looking deeper into 5G Core Network and IMS


  • Introducing Service Based Architectures (SBA): service producer <=> service consumer, consequences for the 5GC
  • Definition: RESTful Communication: what it is, how it works, why it suits cloudified operation
  • Hands On: HTTP Methods used on RESTful Interfaces
  • The 5GC in SBA plus NW Functions: Introducing the various network functions like UDM, UDR, AMF, SMF, AUSF …
  • Hands On: Launching Open5GS on the trainer’s computer and analyzing traffic bw/ network functions
  • Hands On: Performing UE-registration & PDU-session establishment into the Open5GS with Wireshark analysis
  • The IMS and MC-Services: Architecture of the IMS, MC-application servers, QoS, session management, group communications, priority call handling, emergency services

Part 3: Virtualization & Containerization


  • Introducing Virtualization: HW-virtualization <=> SW-virtualization, virtualization in telecommunication, pros and cons of virtualization
  • Virtualization with virtual machines and containers: virtual machines vs containers, historical view, containers, virtual machines, operating with containers and VM’s, microservices, performance comparison bw/ VM and containers
  • Hands in the mud: launching some containers and tapping the traffic between them with Wireshark

Part 4: Dimensioning of a Cloudified 5G Core for FRMCS


  • Terminology & Background: CPU, vCPU, Core, L1-Cache, CPU-Sharing, CPU-Pinning and Hyperthreading
  • Performance of CPU's through the Ages: introducing the throughput, evolution of the CPU from the Z80 to the Intel Xeon Gold, clock speed, No of bits, …
  • FRMCS: User Categories: mission-critical users, business-critical users, passenger services, IoT & automation
  • FRMCS: Traffic Metrics (Estimates): QoS-requirements, No of TAU / user / hour, No of paging events / user / hour, ...
  • Example 1 => Dimensioning of the AMF in an FRMCS: Number and types of events, scaling with the No of users => Calculation & result: CPU and memory requirements
  • Example 2 => Dimensioning of the UDM in an FRMCS: Number and types of events, scaling with the No of users => Calculation & result: CPU and memory requirements

Part 5: Cloud Native Operation & Networking


  • What does Cloud Native mean? deployment of containers in different types of clouds, DevOps, service mesh, CI/CD
  • Decomposing Monoliths into Microservices: challenges, implementation freedom and options, …li>
  • Example: The AMF and its microservices: 3GPP TS 29.218, Swagger, ...
  • Introducing Kubernetes: basics, cluster, components, worker node, pods...
  • Hands On: Deploying and scaling Open5GS in a Kubernetes cluster
  • Operating the network functions of the 5GC inside a Kubernetes Cluster: Mapping Service IP to Pod IP, Load Balancing, Readiness Probes, Alive Tests, Kill Pods, SW-Updates
  • Communication between pods and containers: Intra-Pod, Inter-Pod / Intra-Node, Inter-Pod / Inter-Node
  • Main Security Hazards of a Cloudified 5G Core: Virtualization and container security, risk of compromising GPDR in case of hosted solutions, phishing on data in transit, DoS attacks on different levels, zero-trust concepts

Part 6: Signaling & Protocols involving 5GC and IMS


  • The 5G Protocol Stack with Focus on NAS and 5GC: 5GMM, 5GSM, HTTP/2, JSON
  • Understanding the Essentials of HTTP/2: why not HTTP1.1?, characteristics of HTTP/2, streams, frame types/li>
  • Understanding PFCP: tasks & functions, frame types, parameters, operation …
  • Scenario: Registration Procedure [3GPP TS 23.502 (4.2.2.2.2)]
  • Scenario: Authentication with 5G-AKA [3GPP 33.501 (6.1.3.2)]
  • Scenario: UE-requested PDU Session Establishment [3GPP TS 23.502 (4.3.2.2.1), 24.501 (6.4.1)]
  • Scenario: UE-initiated Deregistration
  • Scenario: MCPTT call setup: message flow, analysis of SIP / SDP and XCAP protocols, interaction with the 5GC and the RAN

v1.0

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